Price Discrimination in Health Care free essay sample

In any case, effectiveness and reasonableness request that new ways ought to be found to maintain a strategic distance from value separation in human services so as to guarantee patients equivalent access to mind and monetary equity. Uninsured or self-pay patients ought not be charged rates essentially higher than those with Medicare, Medicaid, or protection. Costs for medicinal services ought to likewise be progressively straightforward to permit patients to precisely search at best costs and qualities in social insurance. Envision a framework wherein you go to the market and are informed that the value you should pay for your goods is subject to whether you have an occupation, and in the event that you have a vocation the cost is reliant on where you work. On the off chance that you are work at a specific business the cost you will pay is close to discount, for another retail, another twenty to thirty percent more, and if independently employed or jobless you should follow through on a cost three to multiple times higher for these staple goods. We will compose a custom article test on Value Discrimination in Health Care or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Lamentably this is the manner in which our present wellbeing framework works. Most emergency clinics charge those without protection three to multiple times the cost of that paid by those with protection or government inclusion, for example, Medicare or Medicaid. New ways ought to be found to maintain a strategic distance from value segregation in medicinal services so as to guarantee patients equivalent access to mind and financial equity. Uninsured or self-pay patients ought not be charged rates fundamentally higher than those with Medicare, Medicaid, or protection. Costs for human services ought to likewise be progressively straightforward to permit patients to precisely search at best costs and qualities in social insurance. Value segregation Price separation is the act of charging various clients various costs for a similar item or administration. While value segregation isn't really exploitative, the cost ought to have equivalent incentive at the cost charged. In the event that this condition is met value segregation isn't really off-base. It very well may be viewed as moral for one to be given a superior arrangement than another. Nonetheless, in the event that it is utilized to exploit those with a unique need or the numbness of clients it might be exploitative. Under the Robinson-Patman Act 1936 it is unlawful when it considerably exercises rivalry or will in general make an imposing business model. This has been refered to in various claims against medical clinics and HMO’s. Since a uninsured individual has constrained assets to challenge clinic rates class activity lawyers have attempted to get class activity status for customers with restricted achievement (Anderson, 2007). Numerous businesses and firms use value separation since it can hugy affect organization benefits. Today is a lot simpler due to enhancements in innovation to isolate patients by segment data to amplify the sum they are willing or ready to pay (Elegido, 2009). Value segregation is an endeavor to get every shopper to follow through on for the item the greatest expense he is eager to pay. Value separation is regular in enterprises that have high fixed expenses and low peripheral expenses. Setting costs at the degree of minor expenses would make it hard to recoup unique speculation costs. All together for value segregation to happen there are a few conditions that must exist. The maker must have data about what the most extreme cost of each gathering of buyers are or have dependable markers of such. This data is gotten through costs for administrations set by government finding related groupings for installment that set a close to least cost. The clinic at that point builds up a charge-ace document that is a few times more for every thing. This might be refreshed a few times each year and isn't distributed for general society. There must not be noteworthy rivalry from rival firms. For any customers there are not numerous choices for medical clinic care bringing about constrained rivalry that may exercise cost. Exchange must not be conceivable. The purchaser can't exchange the item at a greater expense to other people (Elegido, 2009). The uninsured or self-pay persistent In an examination distributed as a Web Exclusive by the diary Health Affairs, it was resolved that around half of U. S. liquidations, were allegedly inferable from sickness or hospital exp enses (Anderson, 2007). It is evaluated that three-fourths of these people were secured by protection when they became ill. Nonetheless, skimpier arrangements, rising medicinal services costs, and the crossing out of inclusion when disease brings about employment misfortune have expanded the money related hazard for those with protection just as the uninsured. At the point when patients lose their protection because of powerlessness to work they become defenseless against higher self-follow through on costs. While there are numerous uninsured that can't or won’t take care of their tabs, clinics seek after those that don’t pay with forceful assortments exercises. Value segregation in medicinal services Hospitals don't charge each patient a similar cost. Uninsured and self-pay patients are regularly charged two and one half to four fold the amount of for a similar consideration as those secured by protection or government plans, for example, Medicare or Medicaid. This hole has developed generously since the mid 1980’s (Anderson, 2007). Patients that are uninsured or self-pay are frequently given bills that reflect full charges got from the hospital’s charge-ace record. There are five classifications of patients that routinely get undiscounted bills dependent on charge-ace records made by every emergency clinic. These incorporate those that are worldwide guests, those that are uninsured, individuals secured via vehicle safety net providers, individuals secured by workman’s pay plans, and those secured by wellbeing plans that are deficient with regards to contracts with the clinic, for example, people that use human services bank accounts or are out of system. Equivalents ought to be dealt with similarly so as to fulfill equity and ought to suitably adjust the increases of exchange among purchaser and dealer with neither one of the sides having lopsided control over the other (Tiemstra, 2006). In the event that costs are straightforwardly identified with expenses and equivalent for all, the assignment of assets will be progressively proficient. The proportion of charges to costs gauges the connection between genuine charges for administrations and Medicare passable charges. In 2004 this proportion for U. S. medical clinics was 3. 7 implying that for each $100 in Medicare charges the no rmal charge was $307. There is extensive variety in emergency clinic charges relying upon the kind of medical clinic and the setting, rustic or urban. The gross to net incomes generally arrived at the midpoint of 2. 57 implying that gathered from all payers, for each $100 gathered the underlying charge was $257. Since 1984 the charge to cost proportion has expanded from 1. 35 to 3. 07 and the gross to net incomes from 1. 25 to 2. 57 out of 2004 (Anderson, 2007). Medical clinic charges have expanded quicker than costs. Expanded charges have not been appeared to essentially build incomes anyway in light of the fact that as charges rise back up plans haggle for bigger limits and just self-pay patients are relied upon to pay these higher charges (Anderson, 2007). In Pennsylvania, medical clinics gather just around one fourth of what they charge. These limits are thought about clarification of advantages structures from back up plans. The main ones expected to pay the full charges are regularly those least ready to pay them (Miller, 2012). There is proof that limits and value segregation are making medicinal services more expensive in light of the fact that fixed costs, limits, and variable repayment frameworks contort ordinary commercial center rivalry. Patients and business are the washouts as emergency clinics and wellbeing plans attempt to get greater to â€Å"win† value exchange. Protection is limited from the standard charged charge, Medicare and Medicaid pay level rates and those without clinical protection pay the most noteworthy charges. At the point when cash spent is from elsewhere, for example, protection or government inclusion there is no impetus for clinics or patients to control costs and may bring about superfluous clinical expenses for unneeded tests and strategies when protection deductibles are met (Lilly, 2011). Cost moving Cost move arrangements in clinics have brought about moving of expenses to private patients because of insufficient installments from state and central government plans, for example, Medicare and Medicaid. Cost moving is likewise use to cover awful obligations of unpaid clinic bills. Cost moving acts like an assessment on the expenses of private compensation patients. The weight of cost moving falls on non-Medicare and non-Medicaid family units with respect to the entirety of their cash based costs and emergency clinic premiums. The administration doesn't accept expenses of serving individuals that are ineligible for government programs however that can't take care of their tabs. They additionally don't take care of regular expenses for research and educating. Private compensation patients finance open program recipients through cost moving. Since Medicare and Medicaid patients use socially important assets these costs must be borne by society. These expenses might be taken care of certainly through expense moving by value separation or expressly when government charges are utilized to back the full expense (Meyer Johnson, 1983). Clinics get what incomes they can from safety net providers and those over whom they have little control, for example, Medicare and Medicaid. They at that point request however much as could be expected from those over whom they have the most influence. More than 50% of medicinal services costs are paid by state and governments. This framework brings about lower motivating forces to be progressively productive and contain costs. Charges for self-pay and uninsured patients are expanded to make up for limits given to safety net providers and low repayment paces of Medicare and Medicaid. Open program recipients are financed by private compensation patients (Lilly, 2011). Suggestions The business wellbeing industry has called for evenhanded installment rule

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Response to the Far Right Concerning

A Response to the Far Right Concerning Gay Marriage   Mr. Far Right has asserted that neither the Constitution nor the Bill of Rights makes reference to one side of gay couples to wed. I imagine that it is sheltered to state that a gay couple who wishes to wed is looking for their own meaning of bliss. Did Mr. Far Right helpfully skirt the part about existence, freedom, and the quest for bliss that is the very soul of both these reports?   Humankind are more prominent gainers by enduring each other to live as appears to be acceptable to themselves than by convincing each to live as appears to be acceptable to the rest - On Liberty, John Stuart Mill   Next, Mr. Far Right expresses that homosexuality is a cursed thing to the Lord. Ok, I see. Presently he is making moral decisions about homosexuality dependent on a religious philosophy that not every person concurs with. Is this a private game, or would anyone be able to play? To represent my next point, permit me to relate a story I one read, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas by Ursula Le Guin.   Observe the reasonable city of Omelas. In this sparkling city the individuals are upbeat. What's more, is there any good reason why they shouldn't be? The youngsters are delightful, the food bounty, and wrongdoing is nonexistent. Nothing is troubled in Omelas, well, nearly. Secured in the little earthen cellar of perhaps the biggest house in the city is a little youngster. This kid is the wellspring of all the wonder of the city. It is the penance of this current youngster's tormented presence by the city that makes its joy and excellence conceivable.   This kid is certifiably not a mystery, be that as it may. Indeed, every resident of the city needs to see and recognize the youngster for the city to hold is unspoiled state. A great many people see the kid and, after a concise ache of ... ... conditions. I can't help thinking that there is certifiably not a solitary decent contention in Mr. Far Right' whole article against gay marriage.   Mr. Far Right’s articulations uncover horrendously the sort of obliviousness that is widespread in our general public. To cite Albert Einstein Just two things are limitless; the universe and human idiocy, and I don't know about the previous.   Albeit a decision concerning gay marriage would have no effect on me legitimately, it profoundly concerns me with respect to the sort of society that may be a consequence of a negative decision. When the privileges of one gathering of individuals are confined, what's to stop the limitation of another group’s rights?   Whatever pounds singularity is dictatorship, by whatever name it might be called and whether it maintains to authorize the desire of God or the orders of men. - On Liberty, John Stuart Mill

What Is Emotional Numbing

What Is Emotional Numbing PTSD Symptoms Print What Is Emotional Numbing? Emotional Numbing: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Coping By Sara Lindberg Sara Lindberg, M.Ed., is a freelance writer focusing on mental health, fitness, nutrition, and parenting.   Learn about our editorial policy Sara Lindberg Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on August 30, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on January 30, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Jamie Grill / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Causes Treatment Lifestyle Modifications View All Emotional numbness is something most people will experience at some point in their life. Quite often, the feeling is temporary. However, for some, feeling emotionally numb becomes a way of life to protect from further emotional or physical pain. Emotions are a critical part of how we function in life. In fact, one study?? found that people reported experiencing at least one emotion 90% of the time, with positive emotions being reported over 2.5 times more frequently than negative emotions.  Not only do emotions provide automatic feedback that can help keep you safe, but they can also motivate you to take action and empower you to make decisions. But when you’re overwhelmed or feeling helpless, its not uncommon to turn to emotional numbing since it provides you with a protective defense. While this may provide temporary relief, learning to cope with difficult feelings this way can have long-lasting consequences.   The Important Role of Emotions What Is Emotional Numbing? “Emotional numbing is the mental and emotional process of shutting out feelings and may be experienced as deficits of emotional responses or reactivity,” explains Mayra Mendez, Ph.D., LMFT, a licensed psychotherapist and program coordinator at Providence Saint Johns Child and Family Development Center. Often times, emotional numbing results in temporary restrictions in the capacity to feel or express emotions.   While emotional numbing blocks or shuts down negative feelings and experiences, it also shuts down the ability to experience pleasure, engage in positive interactions and social activities, and interferes with openness for intimacy, social interests, and problem-solving skills, she adds. Ultimately, it becomes a coping tool defined by avoidance, denial, detachment, and dismissal that blocks capacity for confronting, processing, problem-solving, and managing of emotions and experiences. The symptoms of emotional numbing include: A loss of interest in important, once positive activities you used to enjoyFeeling distant or detached from othersFeeling flat, both physically and emotionallyLosing access to your feelingsAn inability to fully participate in lifeHaving difficulty with experiencing positive feelings such as happiness or love Additionally, when you’re emotionally numb, isolation can be a preferred state of living. Why People With PTSD Use Emotional Avoidance to Cope What Causes Emotional Numbing? Emotional numbing can happen as a result of physical or emotional pain. In an attempt to protect yourself from being hurt again, it’s not uncommon to disconnect, detach, or numb out feelings related to the situation. When this happens, you may feel temporary relief that allows you to move on with your life, but over time, this protective shield can begin to get in the way of connecting with others and getting in touch with feelings that are both positive and negative. How one person experiences emotional numbness may look completely different from how you present with symptoms. That’s because people experience feeling emotionally numb in many different ways. For example, you may struggle to connect with others or lose the ability to feel sadness or joy in response to certain events. There are a variety of reasons you may experience emotional numbing. Some of the more common causes of emotional numbing include: PTSDGriefOverwhelming stressDepressionPhysical abuseMental or emotional abuseSubstance abuse Feeling emotionally numb may also be a side effect of taking some medications that treat depression and anxiety.?? If you’re taking an antidepressant and feeling emotionally numb, it’s essential to work closely with your doctor.  They may choose to adjust your dosage or change the medication altogether. Emotional numbing is most often seen with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is a psychiatric disorder that can happen as a result of experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. ?? When this happens, the person often has intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings related to the event that can last for months or even years after the event is over. In order to cope with the trauma from an event, some people will turn to emotional numbing or avoidance as a way to manage the emotional and physical pain. For people with PTSD, this can also manifest in avoiding thoughts, feelings, or conversations about the traumatic event and  places or people that bring the event to mind. ?? Individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders may also experience emotional numbness as a response to extremely high-stress levels, fear reactions, or excessive worry.  In fact, avoidance of both positive and negative emotions is associated with higher levels of anxiety. ?? Additionally, Mendez points out that depressive episodes may present with decreased attunement to feelings, dulling of emotions, and emotional numbing.   Higher levels of depression and mood dysregulation result in a greater propensity for emotional numbing, she adds. Can Antidepressants Make You Feel Emotionally Numb? Treatment Options There are a variety of treatment options available that can help you reduce the extent to which you try to escape, disengage from, or avoid your emotions. Once you find a therapist or psychologist to work with, the first step in the treatment process is unpacking the cause of your emotional numbing. A therapist can help you determine the underlying cause of the trauma, and come up with better ways to cope with overtaxing experiences and emotions.   The primary goal of psychotherapy, says Mendez, is to stimulate an understanding of the problem and expose viable and effective problem-solving alternatives. Additionally, participation in psychotherapy may also support learning and use of productive coping tools such as allowing feelings to surface and processing them in the safe, nurturing environment of the therapeutic relationship. Whichever therapy you choose, getting help can provide you with a safe place to express and approach your emotions.   Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) gives you the opportunity to express and understand your emotions, as well as examine the sources of those emotional responses. It also addresses how certain thoughts or ways of evaluating a situation may be contributing to your emotions. “Learning and practicing cognitive-behavioral strategies for managing stress, traumatic experiences, depression, and anxiety can help tame negative thoughts and avoid defensive patterns of coping that are inefficient and invalidating of emotional processing and problem-solving,” explains Mendez. Rather than avoiding or using maladaptive coping tools (such as numbing), CBT strategies aim to empower you to shift from thoughts of powerless to beliefs of strength and emotional competence. Acceptance and commitment therapy  (ACT) is another form of behavior therapy that is often used with PTSD and other mental health issues that have emotional numbing and avoidance as a symptom. ACT uses a mindfulness-based approach to help you recognize ways in which you attempt to suppress or control emotional experiences. The goal of ACT is to help you experience your inner feelings while focusing attention on living a meaningful life.  ?? Lifestyle Modifications In addition to psychotherapy, your doctor or therapist may also recommend several lifestyle modifications to help relieve some of the symptoms of emotional numbing, and hopefully, prevent more episodes from happening in the future. While it may take a bit of trial and error, the key to the success of lifestyle modifications is to find what works best for you. Here are a few examples you can try on your own.   Find your support system. While reaching out to others may seem difficult at first, seeking social support from friends and family that you trust may help provide a safe way to express your emotions.  Exercise and engage in physical activity. Staying physically active and engaging in exercises that you enjoy not only benefits your health, but it can also reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety.?? Try to include some form of exercise or physical activity most days of the week.  Get adequate rest. Both the quality of sleep and the amount of rest are critical to managing the symptoms of any physical, emotional, or mental health issue. This is especially true for mental health issues since insufficient sleep can make coping with the stressors of life more challenging. While waking during the night is common when dealing with PTSD, depression, anxiety, or any other trauma, try to get seven or more hours of sleep each night, which is the recommended amount for adults.Minimize stress. Both daily stressors and overwhelming stress are major contributors to emotional numbing. Finding ways to better manage stress is key to addressing the avoidance of emotions and feelings. Relaxation and mindfulness-based strategies are  helpful in decreasing the effects of stress. Engaging in relaxation exercises, particularly body awareness exercises, says Mendez, can be very helpful for awakening sensations, feelings and regulation of emotions.Try mindfulness strategies. “Mindfulness strategies  may be particularly helpful in reducing emotional numbing and increasing emotional strength and competence to manage stressful experiences,” says Mendez.  Consider validating emotions as this process demystifies feelings and allows for control over overwhelming and disorganized thoughts and feelings.     5 Self-Care Practices for Every Area of Your Life A Word From Verywell Learning new ways to cope with traumatic events, overwhelming stress, depression, anxiety, or any other serious life event is possible. Reaching out to your doctor is the first step to addressing emotional numbing. They can help you find a mental health professional trained in these areas. By forming a support network with your doctor, mental health expert, and close family and friends, you can begin to change how you deal with trauma and learn to feel and experience your emotions.

Culture Expresses The Ideas - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 539 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Subculture Essay Did you like this example? Culture expresses the ideas, values, norms, practices and objects that allow a group of people to carry out their collective lives. We are engaged in a variety of cultures, subcultures and cocultures are active parts of them. Subcultures include a group of people who share in the main culture of society but also have their own distinctive values, norms, and lifestyles (116). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Culture Expresses The Ideas" essay for you Create order On the other hand, countercultures include a subculture that adheres to a set of norms and values that sharply contradict the dominant norms and values of the society of which that group is a part (116). Therefore, in order for culture to fully be understood we need to know the differences between subcultures and countercultures. First, subcultures are a group of people who come together to seek out others that have similar problems, views, and ideas. One of the cultural features in the life is changing the look of your body and this defines you as a person. An example is teens getting body piercings for multiple reasons. This can be influenced by peer pressure or they are afraid they will be viewed as an outsider from the norm. Piercings are part of some cultures as spiritual markings, whereas tattoos can make you a part of a certain gang. They define you as a unique person in society or show others that you are a part of a certain group. On the other hand, countercultures have values and beliefs that go against their culture. When members of this culture misbehave they can drop out of society, meaning they leave because they reject to change them (117). In the early 1960s is when the rise of countercultures occurred. During this time the civil rights movement was going on, feminism and gay rights were all happening. The civil rights movement made a major impact on the government, in terms of having many rules and norms towards African Americans were created. For feminism it was for womens rights in equality and how they should have the equal rights as men do in the workplace. But the major issue was gay rights becoming more visible during this time too. Many protests were held and counter culture movement marked the beginning of homosexual rise for equality and acceptance. Gay rights have become legal in the United States and we now see more homosexuals around the world in todays society. This example is a part of a counterculture because now gay people have freedom to marry people of the same sex, whereas before when it was not legal to marry someone of the same sex was not allowed in the churches. Overall, there are major differences between the cultures of subcultures and countercultures. Subcultures have certain qualifications you need to meet for an occupation, in terms of how you present yourself. If you are a person with a piercing through your lip, you are not going to be gaining any high ranked position in a company. Countercultures have been developing over time since the 1960s and movements that were not okay then are now becoming okay in todays society, like the LGTBQ. Cultures have the certain beliefs you should follow, but there a lot of changes that have developed either in favor or against their belief.

Case Study - Association for the Study of International...

Memorandum To: Mario DiPonetti, ASIB From: Date: ------------------------------------------------- Re: Google Scholar Submitting Abstracts to Google Scholar Confidential Google Scholar requires some strict guidelines for inclusion. ASIB will need to ensure all documents are formatted correctly on their website to be considered for inclusion on Google Scholar. I have outlined some of the requirements below. For more detailed information on specific requirements, visit Google Scholars website at http://www.google.com/intl/en/scholar/inclusion.html#overview. Guidelines 1. Visitors (or search robots) must be able to freely view abstracts without the need to sign in, install software, accept disclaimers, dismiss popup†¦show more content†¦ASIB must place each abstract in a separate HTML or PDF file. In addition, a minimum of three meta tags (title of the article, full name of at least the first author, and the year of the publication) must be included on HTML documents. For PDF documents, abstracts must be laid out according to Google’s standards which can be found at http://www.google.com/intl/en/scholar/inclusion.html#indexing. After all requirements are met, ASIB can submit their website to Google Scholar at: https://support.google.com/scholar/troubleshooter/2898950?rd=1 ASIB must weigh the high cost of creating the content in-house per Google Scholar’s strict specifications against the ease of having EBSCO provide the technical expertise. ASIB will incur the costs of additional â€Å"experienced† staff and equipment, as well as overhead if they decide to do take on this large task in-house. However, I feel the potentially high revenues could be significant. Association for the Study of International Business (ASIB) Online Revenue Models Internet Commerce Chapter 3, Case 2 This report covers recommended online revenue models for ASIB’s journals, â€Å"Annals of International Business† and â€Å"International Business Today.† ASIB’s current net profit for both journals is $14,400 per year. My revenue model recommendations would amount to a profit of $185,200 per year. This analysis will provide ASIB’s board members

Communicable Diseases Free Essays

Communicable Disease * Keep in mind all have fever, swollen LN, rash etc. Scarlet Fever: * Cause: Group A beta Hemolytic Streptococcus * Spread via direct contact/droplet * May lead to RF * Uvula/pharynx beefy red; tonsils have white exudate, pinpoint lesions on palate * Sandpaper rash * Pastina Sign: hyperpigmentation at joints * TONGUE (white furry white strawberry strawberry ) * So throat culture if they have strept/sore throat *** Anybody with a sore throat that comes down to school nurse- do not send them back to class, have them sent for throat culture *** Varicella: Infectious before rash and until vesicles crust * kid cant go back to school until vesicles are crusted * Strict isolation (from A. those who haven’t had varicella vaccine B. We will write a custom essay sample on Communicable Diseases or any similar topic only for you Order Now lt; 12months of age) * ACUTE PHASE: maculopapular rash turns to vesicle with erythematous base oozes and crusts * Itchy scratch spread/2nd infection * @ Risk for Reye’s Syndrome * Itchiness – give Benadryl * PREVENTION vaccinate Rubeola: (measles) * Koplik spots ( white circumscribed in red in mouth) * May have photophobia – wear sunglasses * PREVENTION: MMR Rubella: * Fever is not marked Birth defects if mother exposed in first trimester * **Tylenol for (fever, pain, H/A) * ISOLATE FROM PREGNANT WOMEN Roseola Infantum: * HHV6 * Rash appears AFTER a DECLINE in fever * At risk for febrile seizures-manage temperature Erythema Enfectiosum: – ISOLATE FROM PREGNANT WOMAN EVEN IF OWN CHILD HAS IT. CAN NOT BE AROUND MOM -â€Å"5th Disease† – spread via droplet, no specific TX -Stage I – â€Å"slap cheek† 1-120days may last; Stage III- RECURRENCE of rash (with exercise temperature change etc) Impetigo: * Group A beta hemolytic STREPT, STAPH AUREUS * Insect bite Contact isolation as long as vesicle present * Lesion begin as honey color serum then yellow to brown crusts * Complication: postreptococcal glomerulonephritis (decrease urine, change color) * Culture vesicle * Children should remain home from school and daycare fo 48 hours until on antibiotics or lesions r dry * PREVENTION: handwashing, child should not touch lesion, don’t share towel etc Pediculosis: * Preschooler at increased risk * All socioeconomic classes * Pedicclosis vs. Dandruff (* can brush dandruff out; ped. Stays in hair when brushing) * Nit ( egg) louse (insect) DO NO JUMP FORM HEAD TO HEAD, spread via direct contact * Part hair, magnify to Dx * Shampoo, disinfect sheets with HOT water, teach not to exchange combs, headgear Scabies: * Happen to anyone * Burrow – leaves debris under skin * Cleanliness is NOT protection * Scabacide Q12h- apply everywhere besides genitalia and face Parastic Infections * Roundworm (GI); Hookworm (human feces); Pinworm (cecum) * PINWORMS: cause intense itching- child doesn’t wash hands- touches door knob etc. * PINWORMS: may be dosplayed as ADHD problem; so itchy PINWORM: Dx by anal scotch tape=lay eggs in anal tissue, examined then by microscope * PINWORM: Vermox; Tx all household members Fungal: Tinea Cruris: jock itch Tinea Pedis: athlete foot Tinea Capitus: ringworm Tinea Corporis: skin ( to tx these use po griseofulvin or OTC fungal cream) Conjunctivitis: -inclusion (newborn), allergic (in response to allergn), gonorrheal (infant passing thru birth canal), bacterial (self limiting, HIGHLY contagious), or via foreign obj (metal) – TX Edema: cold compress; Tx crust: warm compress; don’t want to lay there with warm compress b/c bacterial growth, child don’t rub eyes Immunologic Dysfunction (ANEMIA) * *Incidence: most common hematologic D/O child * *Etiology: decrease reticulocyte count and Hgb * effects amount of Hgb available to carry O2 * activity intolerance: pallor, no energy, fatigue **Takes a while for Hamp;H to decrease so this wouldn’t be first s/s * anemia develops slowly * will have increased HR and cardiac output to compensate * cluster care, frequent rest periods, safety (SICKLE CELL ANEMIA) * defective Hgb molecule that changes RBC shape to sickle cell * PAIN extremeeeeee CRISIS: Sickle cells destroyed by spleen – tangle- hypoxia – tissue eschemia – necrosis * Most common in African American * Decreased life span * Each person has different thing that causes crisis ( weather, temperature, elevation) * S/s develop after 6months because up to 6month fetal Hgb is in use * Crisis Long Term Complications: Heart, lung, kidney brain changes; blood becomes thicker each time * CVA # 1 cause death (complication) b/ c cerebral occlusion * 4 crisis: 1. Vaso-occlusive = tangled cells; 2. Aplastic =decreased bone marrow, infection; 3. Acute Sequestration Crisis= massive entrapment of RBC in spleen, hypovolemic shock; 4. Hemolytic = combo glucose 6 and sickle cell * No labs are definitive * No cure†¦treat s/s * Pain control keep hydrated keep away from things that cause crisis * Dx: peripheral smear * Assess all body parts * Moniter Iamp;O, weigh pt How to cite Communicable Diseases, Papers

Scandinavian Hero Beowulf free essay sample

Beowulf, the Old-English epic poem, is characteristic of its Nordic-Germanic roots as a tale of a great Scandinavian hero Beowulf, who saves a neighboring kingdom from the wrath of the destructive, blood-thirsty monster, Grendel, and eventually becomes the king of his own people, the Geats. Closely related to modern day tribal and gang customs, it is questioned as to whether Beowulf should be considered a hero. He proves to be a great warrior and protector by killing three terrorizing beasts, a provider by bringing back great treasures from each of his exploits, and faithful by always looking out for his tribe and fighting in their honor. The true question to be asked is, can tribal mentality produce a worthy hero? The answer is, yes. Steven Pressfield further explains what tribal mentality actually is in his article Tribes, Gangs, and Terrorists. Although Beowulf had done shameful things in the past, Beowulf is still considered a Viking hero and a modern hero because of his actions through the story such as strength, which prove that tribal culture and mentality can produce a worthy hero. We will write a custom essay sample on Scandinavian Hero Beowulf or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the days of Beowulf and the Vikings, a hero was a man who was strong and courageous, willing and able to protect his tribe and provide for his people. Even today, the meaning of this word translates into the same category of definitions. A hero now is considered for the brave things they have done and selflessness that they possess. The narrators portrayal of Beowulf is nothing but heroic from his first mentioning, where he is described as [The] mightiest man on earth, (97), The noble warrior, (314), and The man whose name was known for courage, the Great leader, (340-341). Anglo-Saxon warriors had to be stoic, and they had to appear fearless at all times. This relates to Beowulf because both showed no fear or sorrow. He kept his word and did not complain, no matter how impossible their tasks seem. Also in the article Tribes, Gangs, and Terrorists explains, â€Å"The foe is granted full honor as a fighting man and defender of his home soil and values. † Honor is one of the main characteristics in a hero that is presented to the world today, so how is tribal mentality different than the mentality than a hero? Actions of a person describe whether a person is considered a hero, not their mentality. In Beowulf, Beowulf fights three different monsters. The first monster he fights is Grendel, the second is Grendel’s mom, and the third is a dragon. When travelling to Hrothgar’s land to slay the beasts, it shows as to how he and his men feel towards the monsters. â€Å"Tribes are hostile to all outsiders,† Steven Pressfield explains. Taking into consideration that the monsters are considered outsiders to Beowulf and his men, his heroic reaction to save his allies and companions expresses how the tribal system is connected to the thought that modern tribal mentality can produce a worthy hero. Each fight shows an important part of Beowulf. The fight with Grendel and Beowulf exhibits Beowulf’s sheer strength and power which is explained in the quote, â€Å"The captain of evil discovered himself in a handgrip harder than anything he had ever encountered in any man on the face of the earth† (749-752). Beowulf survives a handgrip that is supposedly tighter than anything he had ever encountered. In the second fight, Beowulf struggles against Grendel’s mom. Grendel’s mom grabs Beowulf a lot and Beowulf struggles to escape every time. When he hit Grendel’s mother with his sword, it bounces off and does merely nothing. This fight shows Beowulf’s weaknesses and struggles. In the third and final fight, Beowulf and a small army fight a dragon. This happens nearly fifty years after the fight with Grendel and his mom. â€Å"That final day was the first time when Beowulf fought and fate denied him of glory in battle,† (2571-2573) is the first battle Beowulf had ever lost. If slaying three infamous hell bound creatures was not heroic, than what else is? Tribal mentality bands together beliefs, morals and the survival of their group. They are narrow minded, irrational, and closed to outside interference. They move and respond as a group. They tend to be very basic, killing anything that threatens their closed group. The article Tribes, Gangs, and Terrorists written by Steven Pressfield explains, â€Å"Tribes prize loyalty and cohesion. † Beowulf valued a sense of community and camaraderie. Anglo-Saxon and tribal behavior and goals are quite similar. After Beowulf passes away, Wiglaf announces that there will not be â€Å"peace or pact-keeping of any sort from the Swedes,† (2922-23) because that was what Beowulf wants. He does not wish to see his empire that he made crumble into oblivion. This also represents the revenge, which is a main part in the tribal culture. â€Å"Any insult to honor must be avenged,† (Pressfield, 2011, pg. 1). Swedes had been insulting and harassing the Geats for a while by then, so with Beowulf gone, it was time for the team to take revenge. Just like modern heroes today. Heroes know when to take revenge for the loved ones that they have lost but in the right way. Beowulf took the lives of the monsters out of revenge and for the safety of everyone that surrounds him and the people that he cares about. The epic poem Beowulf focuses on the hero. Throughout various generations and cultures, people have had an image of the archetypal hero. The Anglo-Saxon ideals of heroism were strength, bravery, and loyalty, which were exactly the qualities that Beowulf possessed. Beowulf, as a result, is an icon of his ancient Germanic heritage. He imitates the world around him by reflecting past traditions of heroes and mirrors their characteristics and actions. With him, his honor and pride make him not only a hero of his own time, but also a hero for generations to come. In all, tribal mentality whether centuries old compared to modern day does produce a worthy hero; heroes that can and are willing to protect the people that they love and surround them.